State Laws for Child Safety Seats in Rideshare Vehicles

It can be a challenge to figure out what the rules are for transporting your kids in a rideshare vehicle. Laws are different from state to state, and they aren’t all crystal clear on who should be doing what. The guidelines below can help keep your children safe and keep you on the right side of the law.

Alabama

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. It may hold parents or drivers or both accountable. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 6: restraint system
  • 6-15: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Alabama, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Alaska

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is clear that the driver must provide a child restraint system and secure the child in it. It does not specify who must install the seat in the vehicle. Nor does it specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Allow driver to secure child in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure child in restraint.

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Arizona

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is clear that the vehicle operator must require that children are properly restrained. It does not specify who must provide or install the seat in the vehicle, or who must secure the child in it. Nor does it specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Alabama, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Arkansas

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is clear that the driver is required to secure children in proper restraint systems. It does not specify who must provide or install the seat in the vehicle. Neither does it specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 6: restraint system
  • 6-15: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Arkansas, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Allow driver to secure child in restraint system.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure child in restraint system.

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California

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is clear that the parent or legal guardian is responsible for properly restraining a child under age 8. If neither a parent nor guardian is present, the driver is responsible. The law is unclear as to who is required to provide and install the child safety seat. For children over 8, it is the vehicle operator's responsibility to ensure that the child is restrained by a safety belt. The law does not specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents and legal guardians should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to California, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure child in restraint system.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Allow parent to secure child in restraint system.
  • OR
  • If parent is not present, secure the child in restraint system.

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Colorado

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is clear that if the parent is in the vehicle, it is their responsibility to provide and properly use a child restraint system for children under 8. If the parent is not in the vehicle, it is the driver's responsibility to provide and use the restraint system. It does not specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

If present, parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Colorado, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure the child, or ensure that child is properly secured, in restraint system.

If parent is not present, drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure the child, or ensure that child is properly secured, in restraint system.

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Connecticut

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. It may hold parents or drivers or both accountable. It does not specify who must provide or install the seat in the vehicle, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does it specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 6: restraint system
  • 7-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Connecticut, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured restraint system.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • OR
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Delaware

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. It may hold parents or drivers or both accountable. It does not specify who must provide or install the seat in the vehicle, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 7: restraint system
  • 7-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents and legal guardians should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Delaware, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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District of Columbia

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear and may hold parents or drivers or both accountable. It prohibits a vehicle operator from transporting a child if the child is not properly restrained. It does not specify who must provide or install the seat in the vehicle, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does it specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to the District of Columbia, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Florida

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law requires that all vehicle operators use proper restraint systems when transporting children. It does not specify who must provide or install the seat in the vehicle, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 5: restraint system
  • 5-18: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Florida, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Confirm that driver has provided federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Georgia

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law requires that all drivers, including rideshare drivers, provide for the proper restraint of the children they are transporting. It does not specify who must provide or install the seat in the vehicle, or who must secure the child in it.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-18: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Georgia, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Confirm that driver has provided federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Hawaii

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law prohibits vehicle operators from operating a vehicle if children under age 8 are not properly restrained. This law does not clarify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who much secure the child in it. Neither does it specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Hawaii, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Idaho

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear, stating only that vehicle operators may not operate a vehicle if children under age 6 are not properly restrained. This law does not clarify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 6: restraint system
  • 6-18: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Idaho, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Illinois

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is clear that the person who is transporting a child under age 16 is responsible for assuring that the child is secured in a properly restraint system. For children under age 8, it is the parent's responsibility to provide a proper restraint system. For children ages 8-16, a parent or a driver may be responsible. The law does not specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system for children under age 8 that is appropriate to Illinois, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Indiana

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. It may hold parents or drivers or both accountable. This law does not clarify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Indiana, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Iowa

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. It does not clarify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 6: restraint system
  • 6-18: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Iowa, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Kansas

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. It specifies that a driver must use appropriate restraint systems for transporting children under the age of 14. However, It does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-14: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Kansas, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Kentucky

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. It is the driver's responsibility to have child passengers under the age of 8 secured in an appropriate child restraint system. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • Over 8: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents: The rideshare driver is responsible for having your child secured in a proper restraint system when transporting your child in a rideshare vehicle. Therefore, should you choose this travel option, you should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Kentucky, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers: You are responsible for having a child secured in a proper restraint system when transporting a child in your vehicle. Therefore, if you choose to accept a child passenger, you should:>

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Louisiana

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. It is the driver's responsibility to have child passengers under the age of 13 secured in an appropriate child restraint system. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 6: restraint system
  • 6-13: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Louisiana, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Maine

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. It is the vehicle operator's responsibility to ensure that child passengers under the age of 8 are properly secured. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-18: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Maine, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Maryland

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. It is the responsibility of the person transporting a child under the age of 8 to properly secure the child. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Maryland, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Massachusetts

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. In Massachusetts, a child passenger under the age of 8 must be properly secured in a child restraint system. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-13: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Massachusetts, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Michigan

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. While it states that it is the driver's responsibility to secure child passengers under the age of 4 in an appropriate child restraint system, it does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 4: restraint system
  • 4-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Michigan, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Minnesota

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law states that it is the operator's responsibility to equip and install appropriate child restraint systems in vehicles when transporting child passengers under the age of 8. However, the law does not specify whether the driver or the parent is responsible for securing the child in the restraint system. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-15: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Allow driver to install seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Mississippi

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. Every person transporting a child under age 7 is responsible for properly using a child passenger restraint system. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 7: restraint system
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Mississippi, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Missouri

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. The law states that every driver transporting a child under 16 must ensure that the child is secured in the appropriate child passenger restraint system. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Missouri, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Montana

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. Children under 6 must be secured in an appropriate child passenger restraint system. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 6: restraint system
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Montana, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Nebraska

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. It states that drivers are required to ensure that children under 18 are secured in the appropriate restraint system. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 6: restraint system
  • 6-18: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Nebraska, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Nevada

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. It states that anyone transporting a child under 6 must secure the child in an appropriate child restraint system. However the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 6: restraint system
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Nevada, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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New Hampshire

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. In New Hampshire, drivers transporting a child under 7 must ensure that the child is secured in an appropriate child restraint system. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 7: restraint system
  • 7-18: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to New Hampshire, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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New Jersey

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. It states that anyone operating a motor vehicle who is transporting a child under 8 must secure the child in an appropriate child restraint system. However, the law does not specify who is responsible for providing and installing the restraint system. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to New Jersey, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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New Mexico

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is not clear. It states that no one may operate a motor vehicle if child passengers under the age of 18 are not properly secured. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 7: restraint system
  • 7-12: restraint system or seat belt
  • 12-18: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to New Mexico, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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New York

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that no one may operate a motor vehicle if child passengers under the age of 16 are not properly secured. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to New York, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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North Carolina

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that drivers transporting child passengers under the age of 16 must ensure that the child is properly secured. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to North Carolina, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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North Dakota

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that when a motor vehicle is in motion, child passengers under the age of 16 must be properly secured. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-17: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to North Dakota, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Ohio

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that drivers transporting child passengers under the age of 15 must ensure that the child is properly secured. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-15: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Ohio, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Oklahoma

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that drivers of passenger cars must protect child passengers under the age of 13 by using appropriate restraint systems. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 6: restraint system
  • 6-13: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Oklahoma, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Oregon

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that motor vehicle operators AND passengers responsible for child passengers could be responsible for ensuring that children under 16 properly secured. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Oregon, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Pennsylvania

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that motor vehicle operators must ensure that child passengers under the age of 18 are properly secured. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-18: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Pennsylvania, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Rhode Island

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that anyone transporting child passengers under the age of 18 must ensure that they are properly secured. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-18: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents: You could be considered responsible for safely transporting your child in a rideshare vehicle. Therefore, should you choose this travel option, you should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Rhode Island, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers: You could be considered responsible for safely transporting a child in your vehicle. Therefore, if you choose to accept a child passenger, you should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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South Carolina

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that drivers transporting child passengers under the age of 8 must properly secure the child. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-17: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to South Carolina, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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South Dakota

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that motor vehicle operators must assure that child passengers under the age of 18 are properly secured. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not..

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-17: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to South Dakota, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Tennessee

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that anyone transporting child passengers in conventionally-operated vehicles must protect child passengers under the age of 15 by using an appropriate restraint system. In the case of young children under 9, the law does not specify whether the driver or the parent is responsible for providing and installing the restraint system, or which party must secure the child in the restraint system. The parents of children ages 9 - 15, who are present in the vehicle will be responsible for compliance. The law differs somewhat for cars operated by an automated driving system. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 9: restraint system
  • 9-15: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents of children 0-9 should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Tennessee, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Parents of children 9-15 should:

  • Secure or confirm that your child has secured the seat belt.

Drivers of children 0-9 should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers of children 9-15: If neither parent nor legal guardian is present in the vehicle, you should:

  • Confirm that child has secured the seat belt.

Automated Driving Systems: For children under 9 traveling in an ADS-equipped vehicle, the adult accompanying the child is considered responsible for ensuring proper restraint and not the ADS system or owner of the ADS-operated vehicle. For children between 9 and 15 traveling in an ADS-operated vehicle, the parent, guardian or other human accompanying the child will be responsible for legal compliance. If no human accompanies the child, the parent will be responsible for compliance.

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Texas

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that anyone transporting child passengers under the age of 17 must ensure that the children are properly secured. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-17: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Texas, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Utah

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that the motor vehicle operator must use appropriate child restraint systems when transporting child passengers under age 16. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Utah, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Vermont

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that child passengers under the age of 18 must be properly restrained. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-17: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Vermont, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Virginia

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that drivers transporting child passengers under the age of 18 must ensure that those children are properly restrained. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-18: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Virginia, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Washington

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that drivers transporting child passengers under age 16 must ensure that those children remain properly restrained. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-16: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Washington, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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West Virginia

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that drivers transporting child passengers under the age of 8 must place, maintain and secure those children in an appropriate child restraint system. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • 8-18: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to West Virginia, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Wisconsin

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that anyone transporting child passengers under the age of 8 must properly restrain those children in an appropriate child restraint system. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 8: restraint system
  • Over 8: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Wisconsin, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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Wyoming

Who is responsible for child safety seat use? The law is unclear. It states that no one may operate a passenger vehicle if any child passengers under the age of 9 are not properly restrained. However, the law does not specify who must provide and install the restraint equipment, or who must secure the child in it. Neither does the law specify whether these requirements apply to rideshare drivers or not.

Restraint requirements by age:

  • Under 9: restraint system
  • 9-12: seat belt
  • Requirements may vary for undersized children

Parents should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system that is appropriate to Wyoming, as well as the state you may be traveling to;
  • OR
  • Allow driver to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

Drivers should:

  • Provide a federally approved child restraint system;
  • OR
  • Allow parent to provide federally approved child restraint system;
  • AND
  • Install or confirm proper installation of seat in vehicle;
  • AND
  • Secure or confirm that child is secured in restraint.

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